American (White People) Atrocities Against Negroes - 1900 to 1964

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In this blog I am going to list only those incidents where white people (the recognized 'Americans' in our time frame of 1900 to 1964)  attacked a Negro(es) without cause or provocation, and/ or attacked a negro(es) with violence that far exceeded the offense committed. Incidents will include murder, attempted murder, rape and serious injury. Again, only for the years 1900 to 1964.

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>>>Here is the LIST of African American Violence against white people from 1900 to 1964. LINK

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Girard, La.- 1901

Negro Stole Some Soda Pop ... Then Punched The Proprietor In The Face When The Proprietor Caught Him - And For The Punch In The Face ... The Negro Was Lynched

Negro Lynched
Louis Thomas
source
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1902 - Chastain, Ga

Negro Is Shot Dead By Unknown White Males When He Stepped Out Of his Home

Negro Victim:
Harry Young (no known motive)
source
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1902 - Pembroke, Ky

White Male Goes Crazy...Murders Negro Female And Negro "Aged" Male

White male murderer:
Lloyd Young

Victims:
Rebecca MacRay
Joseph Landy

Note: Negroes formed a lynch mob to track down the white male. However, he had already been arrested and was therefore under the protection of the sheriff. This is the only case I can find where a white male, unprovoked, set out to kill innocent negroes. Thousands of cases of blacks doing this sort of thing to innocent white people.
source
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1904 - Clark County, Ga.

Negroes Create A 'Club' In Georgia To Murder White People - Infuriated White Males Go After Them...And Some Innocent Blacks Pay the Price

* Ed Martin (paid price for black murderous club)
* Jack Troy (paid the price for black murderous club   source
source
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 1904 - Eutawville, S. C. 

Negro Lynched For Trivial Offense - Ears Cut Off And Riddled With Bullets - Governor Gets Detective Agency Involved To Hunt Down Perps - Five White Men Arrested And Held With No Bail

Negro
Kitt Bookhardt
source
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 1905 - Tullahoma, Tenn. 

Americans Lynch Negro - Accuse Him Of Larceny

Negro Lynched

Ronce Gwynn

Note: This not a common lynching crime. Might have been more to it. 

source

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 1906 - Springfield, Mo.

American Female Apparently Made Up Rape Story - Two Negroes Lynched  (burned alive)

source
Note: Grand jury decided the two negroes could not have possibly been involved in the rape reported by the white female.

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1906 

White Male Offers $1,000 Reward For Arrest Of His Own Son Who Allegedly Shot And Killed A Negro In A Quarrel 

Note: This one hardly rises to the level of an atrocity, however, I found it interesting.

source

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 1906 - Rosebud, Tex. 

One Of The MANY Problems Faced By Americans In The Early 1900s Was Disrespectful Behavior Toward Them From Negroes - That is, Negroes Attempting To Establish Black Supremacy By Bullying or Terrorizing White People

 A Negro Apparently Walked Up To A White Male And "Pushed" Him To The Ground - Angry Friends Of The Farmer Track Down The Negro... And Then Lynched Him

Lynched Negro
 Mitchell Frazier 

Note: The white farmer apparently suffered no serious injury.  Seems the local white guys simply would not take such disrespectful behavior from the negro;  or, perhaps they were were sick and tired of hearing about this kind of disrespectful behavior from negroes and decided an object lesson should be made of this negro.   Either way, a lynchings was way out of line here.

source

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 1906 - Bayou Plaquemine, La.

Negro Lynched For Cattle Theft - Stole One Cow

Negro Thief:
William Carr

Note:  Times being what they were, there was no gov't food programs for the hungry. Stealing a person, or family's, food was a very serious matter. It was also a common problem for Americans to discover a negro had robbed them of their food. Still, one cow?!  Seems a lynching was way out of order here.   source
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 1908 - Navasota, TX 

Negro Pulls Knife On American And Slashes Him  - American Mob Gathers and Seizes Negro From Caboose - Then Lynches Him

Note: His victim, who was a white male and County Commissioner, J.T. Barry, was not seriously injured and recovered from his wounds. This crime hardly rises to the level of one usually creating mob violence. However, one must not forget, back in those times, white males in most part of America had NO tolerance for disrespect from the black man.

Victim:
John Cambell
source
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1908- Albany, GA.

Night Riders...Terrorize Negro Community - Burn School and Churches
(Note: negro rape of a white female appears to be the motive for the terror and burnings. No negro was reported to have been killed or injured)
source
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1908 - Tifton, Ga.

Black 18-years-Old...Walks Up To Young White Female And Says: "I want you for my sweetheart"...Negro Is Arrested...Then Lynched

Negro Victim:
Charlie Lackie
Note: Negro was said to be "problem" or troublemaker in the area. Seems to be a case of very persistent harassment.
source
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1908 - Birmingham, Ky.

"Night Riders" Terrorize Negroes - One Murdered - Five Whipped - Negroes Told To Leave Town

Note: It was not reported what angered the local whites against the negroes. Night-riders were also know as "whitecaps".
source
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1908 - Shreveport, La.  

Negro Found Not-Guilty  In  Home Invasion Murder  Of  White Woman - American Mob Still Lynches Him

Negro:
Bird Cooper
source
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1908 - Hickman, Ky

Negro Insults White Woman & Threatens White Male -- Mob of 50 White Males Show Up At Negro Cabin...Burns  It  To  Flush Out Negro...Then  Guns  Down Negro Plus His Family

Victims:
Dave Walker
5-year-old
Mrs. Walker
Note: The murder of three people because of an "insult?"  Seems to be more to this incident.
source
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1909 - Monroe, La.

Negro Files Suit Against White Male Who Killed His Cow - Negro Gets Lynched

Note: This may not fit under the definition of "lynching" as it appears likely that the white male who the negro filed his suit against was the principle in the lynching effort. The white male probably took a few kin folk with him to do the job, which would make this a personal vendetta issue.   Source
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1909 - Aiken S. Carolina

Without Provocation American Guns Down Negro  - Found Guilty Of Murder - Judge Gives Him $150.00 Dollar Fine

Murderer:
Dave Jeffcoat
source
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1909 - Dawson, Tx.

Negro Lynched By Mob For "Insult" To White Female

Negro:
Joe Redden

Note: Just what the "insult"  was...was not revealed. I doubt it was just a comment. Likely negro grabbed the white female in an inappropriate  way.
source
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1910

Negro Gunned Down - Unprovoked - Apparently One Of Many White Males Who Hated The Presence  Of  The Negro In Their City

Victim:
 William Smith

Note: White male fled, so his reason(s) for shooting the negro are not known. The negro's companions reported the incident to police. Negro victim said to be in serious cond.
source 
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1910 - Monroe, LA

Negro Female Abducted From City Jail...Taken To Bridge , Then Thrown Into The River (she is believed to have drowned) 

Victim:
Laura Porter
Note: Negro female, who ran a whorehouse, was accused of staging robberies against white males.
source
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1910 - Jefferson City , MO

Two Negroes Get Lynched -- They Deliberately Provoked Anger Among Whites  By  Over Celebrating Black Prize Fighter's Victory In A Boxing Match Over A White Man

source
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1910 - New Madrid, Mo

Negro And His Pals Told By Sheriff To Disperse,  Instead...Negro Slugs Sheriff - Arrested - Negro Is Later Lynched By White Mob

Source
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 1911 - Manchester, Ga.

Negro Punches American Male In The Face - Mob Forms And Seizes Negro From Town Jail...Then Lynches Him                      

Over a punch? Negro should have been given the same treatment he dished  out - a punch in the face. Maybe white people back then believed if they didn't answer such negro behavior with strong measures...well, it might lead to some primitive negro game where they walk up on a white person and sock him/her in the face for no reason.  Nah, couldn't happen -- definitely couldn't happen.
source

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1911 - St. Mary, Ga.

White Man Murders Negro Woman & Her Daughter - Found Guilty...Legally Executed By State Of Georgia

Murderer:
J.A. O'Berry
source
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1912 - Columbia, S. C.

Negro Lynched For Refusing To Pay Debt

Negro Victim:
Henry Fitis
* This lynching deserves more information.
source
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1912 - Norway, S.C.

Negro Accused Of Petty Theft Abducted By Small Group Then lynched

(could be lynchers were negroes - article isn't specific)

Negro victim;
John Felder
source
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1914 - Grovetown, Ga.

Negro Steals Shoes - Group Of Americans

Abduct Him From The Town Jail...Then Lynch Him

Negro Victim:
Charley Jones
source
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  1914  - Byhalia, Miss. 

Two Negroes (husband & wife) Lynched- Accused Of Burning A Plantation Barn

By today's standards, this seems like a ridiculous excuse for summary justice. I do wonder if arson was a hanging offense in Mississippi?  Anyhow, barns can be rebuilt. This case deserves more details.

Negro Victims:
Fred Sullivan
May Sullivan

source
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1915 - Jasper County, GA 

Wealthy American Plantation Owner Ran Plantation "In Near Slave-Like Conditions" - 11 Negroes Found MURDERED

Note: Apparently, all the negroes who were murdered were considered a threat to the plantation owner, John Williams, who feared they'd squeal to authorities about the working conditions at his plantation. WOW source

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1915 - Miss.

Americans Lynch Negro For Being Critical  Of  How Local White Women Dress

Negro:
John Taylor
source
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1915 - Jackson, Miss.  

Innocent Negro Lynched By American(?) Mob - Thought He'd Stole A Cow 

Apparently, negro Ed Johnson just happened to be at the wrong place and at  the wrong time.  The wife of a farmer who was a black,  noticed her cow missing and assumed it was stolen. Details are lacking, but a mob formed and found Johnson near the scene of the alleged crime. They accused him of stealing the cow.  Despite his protests of innocence, he was hung. The cow that was thought to have been stolen actually just wondered off and was found a few hours after the hanging.  
Note: Since the cow's owner was a negro, it could very well be that the mob was also negro. 

source
source
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1916 - S. Carolina

South Carolina Mob Hunts Down Two Negro Males And Then Lynches Them - The Two Had Passed A Lone White Female And Said "Hello Sweetheart"

Note: Seems to me that there was likely more to this incident.
Source

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1916 - October , Abbeville, S. Carolina

A Negro Is Lynched For Disrespectful Behavior Toward A White Man (Well, He Also Attacked Another White Guy With A Hammer -- Apparently In Self-Defense)

Anthony Crawford, 51

"On October 21, 1916, [Anthony] Crawford was taking two loads of cotton and a load of seed into Abbeville and had a disagreement over the price of cottonseed with W.D. Barksdale, a white store owner. After Crawford left the store, one of Barksdale's employees followed him outside and hit him on the head with an ax handle."  Wikipedia

Note the word "disagreement" appears in the above narrative as the sole provocation for the white mob violence. Well,  a lot more than just a mere "disagreement" is needed to provoke a mob reaction.

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"Charleston News & Courier (now the Post and Courier) described Crawford as "rich, for a negro, and he was insolent along with it"."

What really happened:  Of course, I wasn't there. But I can reasonable read between the lines here - just as you can. Black male Crawford,  who was known to have a short fuse, didn't like the price he was offered for his cottonseed by business owner , W.D. Barksdale.  He then became irate and allowed his temper to get the best of him and started insulting Mr. Barkdale.   Whereupon  Mr. Barksdale ordered Crawford to leave his store. However, a young white employee took exception to the insults hurled at  his employer and grabbed an ax handle and went after the Negro.  Note: Wikipedia's article on this incident states that Crawford was "hit in the head" with the ax handle. This seems highly unlikely, as that should have rendered any man unconscious. Archived newspaper article below also mentions nothing about Crawford being struck in the head.  More likely, the employee was taking wild swings at Crawford and Crawford was defending himself with his arms and yelling for help.

After a policeman arrived at the scene, Crawford, for his own protection, was taken to jail. Crawford should have stayed there. However, with Crawford's surly temperament, one could rightly expect he was indignant with the white sheriff for arresting him and demanded to be released immediately. The sheriff set a high bail of $15.00, probably hoping the Negro did not have the money on him and would therefore have to wait until the following day to get out.  Around town, the news of the insulting behavior of the Negro was also getting around.

Again, Crawford should have stayed where he was.

 Crawford paid the $15.00 fine and was then released, though the sheriff ushered him out the back door, hoping he would not be seen. That, however, was not to be   A small group of  locals noticed Crawford and decided to teach the Negro a lesson in manners.  No one should doubt  had Crawford simply submitted to a beating, he at least would have survived -- with a painful lesson learned.  But Crawford decided to flee.  Crawford was eventually cornered by the mob, whereupon, he decided to grab a hammer to defend himself. Naturally, if the Negro hit any American with that hammer and caused serious injury it would only add to the violence against him.  And that's exactly what happened. Crawford struck a white male in the head. Likely, his comrades thought him to be dead.  Crawford's fate was now sealed.  In the end, he got a terrible beating, then, while he languished in pain at the city jail that night, he was hauled out by a white mob, beat some more, then lynched.

Archived newspaper article source

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Anthony_Crawford_(lynching_victim)

Note: This is the only incident I could find - so far - of such an out-right hate murder by white people.  And also the only lynching for the city of Abbeville, S.Carolina from 1900 to 1964.  No question about it though, white people in the South back then had a mighty thin skin for  disrespectful behavior from the Negro  (yes, gone are those days --  i.e.  the post civil rights era ...the racist black BULLY reigns supreme...and whatever the racist  black BULLY dishes it out  - violence, insults, etc. - white people sit back and take it).

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1918 - Sheffield, Ala.

Negro Vows To "Get A Cop" - He's Arrested...Then Lynched By American Mob

Note: This incident happened a day after a negro murdered a white police officer. The prevailing mood of the local white people at that time... obviously they wanted to send a message to the negro criminal element that attacks on white people, including even threating a white person,  would be dealt with swiftly.
source
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May 1919 - Millan, Ga

Elderly Negro Lynched - He'd Shot At White Males Who Came Into The Black Section And Harassed A Negro Woman

Lynched Negro
Berry Washington, 72
source

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1921 - Little Rock, Ark.

Negro's Letter To White Woman Results In A Lynching

Negro:
Robert Hicks

Note: No mention of the content of the letter.  If it contained anything of sexual nature or a threat of any kind...at this time in American history in some parts of the country ...this was grounds for a lynching -  to protect the woman's honor.  source

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1946 - Dooley County

For Some Strange Reason Americans In Georgia Lynch Negro For Drunkenness

Negro:
Lewis Harris, 50     source
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1946 - Guernsey, Tex.

Nero Lynched By Mob...Over Fist Fight

Note: Seems the fight was over a "drinking cup" which was reserved for white men.  source
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1946 - Georgia 


 Four Negroes Lynched By  American Mob - Including Two Females

"The 1946 Georgia lynching was a quadruple killing that took place in the northern part of the U.S. state of Georgia in the summer of 1946. Done on a bridge in Walton and Oconee counties between Monroe and Watkinsville, the case attracted national attention. While the FBI investigated in 1946, it was unable to prosecute. New publicity in the 1990s led to a new investigation, but the case has not been solved."  Wikipedia

The most shocking thing about this crime is the lynching of two Negro females and a Negro male, who had nothing to do with the knife attack on the American male (Barnette Hester).  Apparently, the American did survive.

Victims:
George W. Dorsey 28
Mae Murray Dorsey, 23

Roger Malcolm, 24  (guilty of knife attack)
Dorothy Malcolm ? (wiki reports her birthday as same day of lynching - I seriously doubt it)

Note: Even though a black male did provoke this incident, the retribution for the crime was sickeningly overkill.
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November 2, 1959 -- Corinth, Miss.

American Boy's 'Prank' Turns Deadly

This one doesn't exactly rise to the level of an atrocity but I'll include it anyways.

Eight American teenagers were driving around when they came across a group of Negro boys.  Desiring to have a little "fun" they threw firecrackers at the Negroes.  In retaliation, the Negro boys threw rocks at the boy's truck, striking it numerous times. It seems the boys thought it was maybe gunfire. The driver of the truck,  teenager, Darnell Glidewll, 16,  either went home to retrieved a shotgun or had one in his truck. He then fired it in the direction of two Negro boys, who apparently were not part of the Negro group who threw the stones.  The blast mortally wounded one of the boys and slightly wounded the other.   Glidewell was sentenced to five years in state prison. 

Note: Local Americans took up a collection drive and gave $150.00 to the parents of the deceased boy.  Neither before compulsory integration (July 2, 1964) nor after it,  is there one recored example where African-Americans ever took up a collection for the injured or dead American (white) victim of a black crime.

Negro Victim:
William Roy Prather , 15

http://news.google.com/newspapers?nid=348&dat=19600128&id=2-UtAAAAIBAJ&sjid=VjEDAAAAIBAJ&pg=5327,2596004
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Tallahasse, FL  1959


Four White Males Gang Rape Black Female  - Each Sentenced To Life In Prison

Four American males, William Collinsworth, Ollie Stoutamire, Patrick Scarborough, and David Beagles,  apparently in a premeditated scheme, decided to rape a Negro female. With a shotgun the four approached a car with four Negro occupants (two males and two females). One Negro female, Betty Jean Owens, was abducted and taken to a secluded place ... where all four proceeded to rape her repeatedly.

For unknown reasons, the American boys allowed the other three Negroes to go on their way.  They went straight to the police.  A "group" (unknown number) of American police officers went looking for the Negro girl. They found her in the back seat of the assailants' car (wiki states she was discovered "bound and gagged" but this likely wasn't the case, since there were four assailants i.e. no reason to bind and gag her - where could she go?).  The four American males were arrested, convicted, then given life prison terms.

Note: Had these rapists did their deed in Virginia, they likely would have faced the same fate the Martinsville Seven faced:: the death penalty.

Also of Note: From wiki::  "In 1965, David Beagles was paroled. Four years after he was released, he tracked down an African American woman that he thought was Owens and murdered her and buried her in a shallow grave. However, he murdered Betty Jean Robinson Houston, an entirely different woman."

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Betty_Jean_Owens

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August 28, 1955 --  Money, Mississippi

14-Year-old Emmit Till's  Abduction And Murder

First things first.  Let's debunk the legend of Emmett Till as the happy-go-lucky young little Negro boy who,  while walking casually down the street, whistled at a white women.  And for THAT act, a mob of white males abducted the Negro boy, then executed him. This version is woefully inaccurate. 

THE REAL VERSION:: Emmett Till was no "little boy."  Though he was 14-years-old he stood 5"8' (not 5"4' as Wikipedia states)  and weighed 150 lbs. That is, Till looked older than his 14-years.  Emmitt Till lived in Chicago.

Emmett Till was in Money, Mississippi, with his mother visiting her brother. That Till lived in Chicago is important.  While Till most likely could get away with (did get away with?) grabbing white females and manhandling them in Chicago (apparently he went to an integrated school), in Mississippi, there was an entirely different culture regarding interaction of males and females.  In the South at this time, Americans still observed a long tradition of respecting and protecting womanhood, and males were expected to act against any violators. Emmett Till, prodded by other young Negro boys, crossed the line. For this he was abducted and murdered by two American males.

Flashpoint:: On a hot August day, Emmett Till met up with some young Negro boys (younger than him) in Money, MS.  Till's  new friends (if one could actually call them 'friends'), no doubt out of boredom, cooked up a prank to play on him.  It involved a bet (for a reported 25 cents) to go up to a white female and either ask her for a date or get her to come over to them. Till's little friends were playing with fire here.  They knew it. They also knew that Emmit Till, should anything go wrong, would be the fall guy. Till, unfamiliar with the ways of the South, and also likely wanting to impress his little friends, as well as pocket .25c, agreed to do it.  

Carolyn Bryant, an attractive 21-year-old American female who worked at a store where Emmett Till and his friends were hanging out, was selected as the one Till was to approach.

Carolyn's gives her account of the what happened next:
"Carolyn Bryant later asserted that Till had grabbed her at the waist and asked her for a date. She said the young man also used "unprintable" words."

The American female, frightened out of her skin by the grabbing and insistence of the Negro, broke free from his grasp and raced to her truck to get a gun.  Yes, a gun. That's how terrified she was (no little boy of 5' 4" could have cause that level of freight).  At this point, Till and his buddies ran from the scene. 

Till should have received a strong talk about the ways of the South ... and that should have been the end of it. However, two American males, John William "J. W." Milam and Roy Bryant, 24, who was the husband of Carolyn Bryant, decided stronger measures were called for.  After Bryant found out it was Till who assaulted and terrorize his wife, in the late night hours he and Milam ( along with two Negro men) went out to the house where he was staying and at gunpoint abducted him.

Emmett Till was found three days later submerged in a lake with a bullet wound in his head.

Though the prosecutor seemed to have an ironclad case of guilt,  an all-American jury refused to convict the two. Bryan and Milam never spent a day in jail for this crime. A year later in an article for a magazine, both admitted they killed Emmett Till. 

Note: Though Emmett Till's  own  actions created the provocation for his murder (likely the main reason the all-American jury acquitted the two American males),  still, since we're dealing with the action of a young boy, I believe the age of the boy outweighs the provocation here. This incident rises pretty close to an atrocity.

BTW, if you believe black boys at Emmett Tills age are just too young to rape, rob or murder, here's a LINK to dispel that myth.

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September 15, 1963 -- Birmingham, AL

Church Bombing - Four Negro Girls Die

There's something VERY fishy about this one. I'm looking into before I give a crime report.  BTW, there's no question these girls were killed by bomb planted at a Negro church. But who really planted the bomb?  Stay tuned...


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Industrialization & Urbanization- Negroes Migrate to America's Urban Areas

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Page [1], [2], [3], [4], [5], [6]

Reminder: This theoretical outline here only concerns the plight of the American Negro from 1865 to 1964, and particularly their documented behavioral characteristics, which were clearly showing very noticeable differences to that of the white man.  

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Pg. 3

III. The Beginning Of Industrialization & Urbanization In America (circa 1900) 

Americans create industries, elevate their standard of living and make America into a world power - Negroes founder 


    If one were to follow the Negro race's migration to America's urban centers past Reconstruction, past Plessy vs. Ferguson (1896) and up to the beginning of the 20th century, a very noticeable, if not worrisome, situation was developing with respect to the urban Negro males  -  where it seem educated people should have at least begun to maybe question whether this race belongs within an urban setting. Specifically, regarding incarceration for violent crimes, the urban Negro male was represented at a significantly greater rate than white males, and this was consistent in every urban environment in which the Negro male had migrated to.1  Regarding the family unit,  there was a significant difference between the American (White Christians) and the Negro in cohabitation of the sexes, with Negro families being far more likely living without an adult male in the house. Naturally, this produced greater instability for the Negro family unit.2  And regarding urban housing, Negroes simply chose to occupy dwellings built by American males ... instead of building housing for their people.3   Finally, and the most crucial  of all things necessary for a people to sustain themselves and achieve self reliance within urban settings, is generating occupations.  Here the Negro males had failed completely between 1865 and 1900 at producing the necessary occupational titles within the structure and confines of their own male-group.4

In fact, regarding the crucial necessity of generating occupations one can easily see that the failings here of the Negro are contributing factors for the other failings represented above. For it stands to reason, if Negro males generated the same type of jobs in  urban centers as the Americans, the crime rates associated with their group should fall, the family structure would be more stable and they could afford to buy and build more suitable housing; and, theoretically anyways, they should also be building their own cities/ towns and political systems and launching their own industries.5  And lastly, if Negro males were generating enough occupations for their own male-group, they would also demonstrate to the Americans that they were not going to become their dependents - certainly a major concern for any American male watching the woeful plight of the urban Negro manifest during our time frame here (1865 to 1900).

                                              ----------------------------------

The first four citations below are referenced from W.E.B. Du Bois' book, The Philadelphia Negro (1896) - available FREE on the Internet as a google book ),

1. Du Bois Quote: "In the city of Philadelphia the increasing number of bold and daring crimes committed by Negroes [since 1890] has focused the city on this subject. There is a widespread feeling that something is wrong with a race that is responsible for so much crime, and that strong remedies are called for. One has to but visit the corridors of the public buildings, when the courts are in session, to realize the part played in law-breaking by the Negro." (pg. 241)

2. Du Bois gives very startling facts about the black family situation in urban Philadelphia in the late 1890s. For instance, 73% of all black females over the age of 40 are living without a man. For White women, it was under 16%. He also tells us that for the black female who marries in Philadelphia, 56% of them are either separated, abandoned, divorced or widowed. (pg.70). Du Bois also holds no punches on the "sexual looseness" of the Negro, which he calls the "sin of the Negro population". (pg. 72)

3.  Du Bois states that the vast majority of blacks were either living in, or juxtaposed to, the Seventh Ward in Philadelphia in 1896, This ward was the oldest section of the city and, not surprisingly, the poorest section of the city.(pg. 305) Blacks had been in the city of Philadelphia, according to Du Bois, stretching all the way back to the 1700s.  So the fact that so very few - if any - housing in the city was built by black males, seems to indicate an acutely obvious, if not potentially serious, difference manifesting between the two races in the city. Further, even stretching our parameter years from 1865 to 1964, I still could not find ANY urban area in America where a section of housing was built by black males.  

4. Du Bois breaks down the jobs found among Philadelphia's Negro males age 10 to 20. His breakdown indicates over 80% of Negro males appear to be making their daily wage in the service sector e.g as a porter, servant, errand boy or common laborer... for the American population (white people); or providing services where the predominant clientèle is American. (pg. 99).

For Negro men over the age the age of 21, Du Bois tells us that in 1896, approx. 79% of the adult Negro males are either laborers or servants. This also suggests that here again we see the Negro male-group engaged in occupations where the incomes are most likely derived from the white population.(pg. 99)

As for the Negro female, Du Bois tells us that a peculiarly high percent (43%) are the family breadwinner in Philadelphia, compared to 16% for White women. The vast majority of Negro women work as domestic servants.(pg.111) Further, according to Du Bois, there were approx. 42,000 domestic servants in Philadelphia, However, blacks represented only 25% of these servants. This fact clearly indicates White people could have easily filled the ranks of this job classification with their own race. And the point here is? White people were giving these jobs to blacks ... clearly desiring to help them, likely keenly aware what hardship blacks were enduring in the city.

On pg 123, Mr. Du Bois offers us an accounting of Negro business and employment activities within Philadelphia, particularly how blacks tend to gravitate to the White race when seeking economic opportunities, instead of seeking opportunities among their own race.

On pg. 135, Du Bois describes how organizers of labor groups use the vast numbers of Negroes, with such limited opportunities known to be available to them, to drive down wages for white males.

5.  Black males in America by 1900 still have yet to create an urban center independent of the White males; nor have they establish a single industry - created by and run by Negroes - in any part of the country.

Below are four examples where male-groups in America prior to 1900 sought and achieved separation from America's Dominant Male-Group (White Christian males) and created their own self-sustaining and self-reliant living arrangements.

Example 1 : In 1847, in Nauvoo, Illinois, a few thousands Mormons, persecuted and reviled by many of their fellow Americans because of their “peculiar” religious beliefs (comparatively, people of African descent were, generally speaking, not hated, nor were they persecuted, for their racial difference by America's DMG - the DMG only desired Negroes live separately), and even suffering the murder of their spiritual leader, John Smith, decide to head West. They marched through the desert and eventually wound up in the unsettled territory of Utah. There they set up their community in this virtual desert wasteland and proceeded to build irrigation systems, the city of Salt Lake and, eventually, other towns as well. They even had their own currency.

Example 2 : Every American Indian tribe demanded their separation and distinctness. Not one Indian tribe in America - out of 100s - is known to have ever marched before another Indian tribe for integration rights. Nor did they ever protest for integration rights in white male society. They all achieved self-reliance and wanted nothing to do with "the way of the white man."

Example 3 : Chinese-Americans began arriving in the late 1880s and they were essentially required to live separately, which they did without complaint. They also created their own living arrangements within the confines of their own male-group. Further, there is no recorded example of any Chinese-American ever claiming his dignity, freedom or manhood, or that of his people, could only be obtained within White male society.

Example 4 : The Amish

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pg. 4

IV.  The Emerging Differences Between White & Black

      So we have another question here that begs to be asked at this point in American history (1900): Why were enough occupational titles capable of being generated in American communities to sustain their urban population, in contrast to the Negro communities that were all consistently failing in this regard?

The question above is of monumental importance concerning the plight of the urban Negro in America. Indeed, related to their very survival as a people. Remember, since the American and the Negro lived separately, the concomitant expectation was that each male-group was required to be self-reliant; and this self-reliance  - in capitalist urban centers - is directly linked to the creation of occupational titles within one's own male-group.  In other words, if a male-group fails to produce enough occupations, there is no adequate means for  distribution of the currency among its people, and without this necessary  distribution system there is no effective commerce. And without commerce the urban environment has no basis for which to sustain itself.  Nevertheless, the question regarding why Negro men failed to produce occupations is never directly asked, either by members of the U.S. gov't (who were all white males in 1900), or members of academia - at least I could find no renowned member of academia raising this issue. Curious indeed!

 In attempting to answer this question though, let's first address the four most popular arguments used to explain the Negro's failure in American urban centers::

1. Legacy of Slavery:: The notion that slavery was at the root cause for every socio-economic problem that plagued the Negro male-group in 1900, though it seems to have a modicum of truth to it (i.e. those of African descents had no culture to fall back on to instruct themselves on how to create a societal structure based on their own historical past). However, simple common sense tells us slavery could not possibly be the reason for all the economic hardships in every urban center  in which  they clustered.  Negroes did have all the necessary resources to create equivalent living arrangements with that of the white race; plus, they had 100s of wealthy white philanthropists (Link) to aid them. 

2. The "conspiring to oppress" theory:; This theory implies that the American population in every urban area in which the Negro male migrated collectively conspired and schemed to oppressed him. This is not only false but obviously completely ludicrous. Coast to coast 'hidden' oppression?!  And for the entire history of the Negro's presence in urban America?  Logically, if white people were this obsessed with oppressing the Negro, and since the Negro people were entirely FREE   - after 1865 -  to colonize a place in America, one would expect, to escape all this brutal oppression, the Negro people would have done this e.g. the Mormons.  Or, they would have built their own cities and towns. Remember, white males were not legally or morally required to give the black man integration rights into their status envirnornment. That had never occured in America history or in human histroy.   BOTTOM LINE:: There was no coordinated scheme on the part of white people to  oppress the black race in America after 1865. There was, however, historical 'group' separation. And, a completely normal/ innate human 'grouping' characteristic used to protect male-group's status environments: Historical Group Recognition (HGR).6  Blacks in 1900, and prior, were required to live separately so as to achieve a sense of self-reliance. 
Self-reliance is a necessary condition for all human 'groups'.  There was nothing mean-spirited about making Negroes achieve this. And nothing immoral, illegal, or inconsistent with human history - and human nature - to see America's Dominate Male Group (white Christian males) practicing HGR.  The Supreme Court in Plessy v. Ferguson basically agreed with the 'unrecognized' HGR formula by stating (1896)::

"The object of the [Fourteenth] Amendment was undoubtedly to enforce the absolute equality of the two races before the law, but in the nature of things, it could not have been intended to abolish distinctions based upon color, or to enforce social, as distinguished from political equality, or a commingling of the two races upon terms unsatisfactory to either."

3. Intellectual superiority: This doesn't need to be addressed as it is simply too divisive to consider. We'll simply accept that it has no factual merit i.e. there are no people intellectually superior to another people. 

  Now let's take a cursory look at the plight of the American Negro from 1900 to 1930, and also keeping in mind the above observations i.e. slavery cannot possibly be the cause for all the Negro's consistent urban desolation; no conspiracy to oppress; there is no intellectually superior race. And taking further note that the Negro male-group between 1865 and 1900 had essentially been given access to the same educational training as American males,7 and this male-group had also only been exposed to the way of life of the Dominant Male-Group (White Christian males) in America. 

 In 1900, according to the U.S. Census,  the Negro population was 8,833,994, and 87% of the Negroes still lived in the South. The total urban black population in America was 11%. 

Between 1900 and 1930, America experienced its greatest prosperity, fueled by its industrial growth and advancements in technology. As of 1930:

--total number of cities built by Negro males : None
--total number of industries built by Negro males: None
--total number of tax bases created by Negro males capable of sustaining gov't services: None
--total number of technological advances that came from the Negro: None

-- number of white males & females employed by a Negro man and supporting a family: None (could not find one case)

--number of Negro males & females employed by a white person (household/corporation/business): Millions

-- total number of residential housing structures built by Negro males in major metropolitan centers: Number so minute it is statistically immeasurable

-- over 800 automotive companies were created during this span of time...only one was Negro (may have employed up to ten people). Countless suppliers to automotive companies, none were Negro. 

The purpose in pointing out the above is only to demonstrate the great difference in behavioral characteristics of the two racial groups that had clearly manifested. And the main result from these differing behavioral characteristics produced an immense chasm in the two respective male-groups standard of living.   While the Americans built a way of life and a standard of living not just for the civilized world to marvel at, but also the likes of which had never been achieved in human history, the American Negro did not just founder, he failed completely. Putting it another way, the American Negro simply failed at producing 'wealth'.8 

Then there were the Crime statistics that were demonstrating great concern among white people in America''s urban centers. 

By 1930, of the 11.9 million Negroes (about 10% of the US population), 78% (9.2. million) live in the South and 32% were urban. Almost 2.5 million Negroes lived outside the South by 1930. Of the Northern Negroes, 88% were urban (living in northern cities the Negro did not build).   source: Chronological History Of the Negro

1904 - Blacks represent 32% of US prison population
1923 - Blacks represent 31% of US prisoners
1930 - Blacks are still at approx. 31% of US prisoners 

* (1909)  Life in Cairo, Ill.  This article appeared after the rape and murder of a young white girl, Anna Pelley.  Her rape and murder caused an epic riot in Cairo.

Newspaper Reporter::   "On the other hand, there is hardly a time when there are not forty or fifty Cairo negroes in the Southern Illinois Penitentiary, all convicted of theft or burglary. The white people of Cairo have always dealt indulgently with the negro. For years it has been the policy to keep two negroes on the small police force, and there have been negro Justices of the Peace. A negro physician once came near being elected a member of the Board of Education. While they pay but little taxes, the negroes are provided with three public schools. The Sumner was the first colored High School ever established in the United States. Yet this negro population, coddled as it is, is a constant menace to the town. No white woman dare venture outside of the house at night alone for fear of assault. Many outrages of which the world has never heard have been attempted. This is why, as Mayor Parsons says, the effect of the recent lynching will be “salutary.”  Altogether it is not surprising that a lynching took place in Cairo. The only wonder is that one did not take place long ago."
W.L. CLANAHAN (Nov. 14, 1909)

* (1917) Houston (Camp Logan) Massacre - 156 Negro 'soldiers' marched out of their camp, armed with the latest issue of military rifle (designed and manufactured by white males)...then massacred innocent white people. 16 dead.

  link








* (1919) Negro Supremacist Organization Plans to "Wipe Out All White People"  link

* (1919) Epic Riot In Omaha - 36 Rapes Of White Females Over Four Months  link

* (1921) Epic Riot In Tulsa - biggest one in American history...Flashpoint: gunning down two white males.  source

Note: When WWI ended (1919) many Negroes decided to stay in the Anglo-built urban environments they were released into. 

I don't think I really need to dwell on the fact that the Negro at this time in American history (1900 to 1930) represented a known crime problem. In fact, no people in human history had to endure what white people are enduring in this time frame - persistent attacks on their children to rape them, attacks on their wives to rape them, family massacres, lying in wait crimes...a persistent menace. These unprovoked crimes by the Negro created staggering to the imagination riots, thousands of lynchings and even burning at the stake. 

(For those who want more evidence, and particularly how Negro crimes were deliberately directed at white people ... and how this race consistently terrorized white people, here is a link. )

Clearly, it is not the fault of one people that another people exhibited demonstrably different behavioral characteristics (i.e. specifically within America's urban centers).  This is not an intelligence issue. Nor is it a conspiracy to oppress issue; or a lingering legacy of a GREAT wrong committed by one people against another. Like the polar bear and black bear, Euro honey bee and Africanized honey bee, the lion, the leopard and tiger, though these species are part of the same family (the bear family; the bee family; the cat family), yet each is separated from the other by their innate behavioral characteristics.

It's important to point out, again, that the American Negro had been exposed to only one culture,  that of the white males i.e. America's Dominate Male-Group.  So, theoretically, they should have produced an urban way of life and a standard of living very similar to that of the white males.  Their failure to exhibit the same behavioral characteristics as the white mles within the urban centers ... and produce the way of life and the standard of living of this male group i.e. to produce 'wealth' ... as I have demonstrated with the facts and statistics above, leaves us with really only one remaining consideration: some innate factors exist within the human species which allows for a grouping behavior conducive to creating "wealth" and thereby sustaining urban living arrangements; and these innate characterists are not present in every species of human males. 9

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Citations: 

6. Historical Group Recognition (HGR). Throughout human history male-groups created their own status environments and reserved entry into these environments for members of their own male-group (males racially, linguistically and religiously similar). This was done to preserve the male-groups status environments from encroachment from males outside their 'group'.  Blacks also practiced HGR prior to 1964. Few examples: 1) all Negro- owned business typically only employed Blacks; 2) Negro baseball only employed Blacks; 3) Pullman Porters (96% Black); 4) Brotherhood of Sleeping Car Porters (1925 to 1964), all Black leadership; National Association of Letter Carriers (NALC), formed in 1913, was all black

NOTE: Only Western Civilization countries have abolished HGR (through civil rights laws i.e. race/ gender/ 'group' nullification laws)

7. Negroes were more than adequately supplied with schools, including higher education facilities, which were mostly supplied  - funded - by the northern liberal White people.  Link

8. Occupational Ranking & The Production of "Wealth" 

                  "Occupational Ranking is an innate-culture of the male group (excluding females) that allows the male

         group to achieve the necessary grouping and organizational behavior conducive to the production of "wealth." 

           Wealth is basically the production of marketable material items. The better the male group is at stratifying itself

     under occupational titles, the more marketable wealth they will theoretically be capable of creating.

9. Failure of the Carlisle Indian School


Urban population in America in 1920:
http://www.census.gov/population/www/documentation/twps0027/tab05.txt

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Pg.5

So we now have accumulated three questions of immense importance concerning the plight of the Negro race in America from 1865 to 1930. 

1) Why didn’t people of African descent in America from 1865 to 1964 demand a homeland in America, whereby they could achieve mastery over their own destiny,  and create their own DMG - their own society - separate and autonomous from the American DMG?

2) Why were enough occupational titles capable of being generated in American communities to sustain their urban population, in contrast to the Negro communities that were all consistently failing in this regard?

3) Is there..."the possibility some innate factor exists within the human species which allows for a grouping behavior conducive to creating 'wealth' and thereby sustaining urban living arrangements."?


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Carlisle Indian School / NAACP/ HGR/  the Great Depression and Negroes urban plight/ One-Two Punch: end of WWII and addressing "racial superiority"/ the advent of coast to coast TV
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